全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究在湖羊全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸(蛋氨酸钙盐与蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯)对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和激素含量的影响。选取体重为(19.99±2.04) kg的健康湖羊72只,随机分为3组:对照组、试验Ⅰ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸钙盐)和试验Ⅱ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯),每组6个重复,每个重复4只(公母各占1/2)。预试期7 d,正试期80 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组总增重、平均日增重均有上升的趋势,其中试验Ⅰ组总增重提高了12.8%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组总增重提高了3.1%(P>0.05);料重比方面,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组均有下降的趋势,其中试验Ⅰ组下降了12.2%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组下降了3.6%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05)。3)血清抗氧化指标及激素含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,全混合颗粒料中添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯及蛋氨酸钙盐具有提高肉羊生长速度、降低料重比的趋势,同时影响部分血清生化指标,但对血清抗氧化指标及激素含量无显著影响。     

GC-MS结合保留指数分析白柠檬油挥发性成分

本文综述了果蔬多酚的分类、成分、含量、抗氧化作用和机理，展望了其发展空间和市场前景，以期为果蔬多酚的应用和开发提供参考。     

基于云服务的棚室蔬菜智能终端系统设计与实现——以黑龙江省为研究案例

棚室蔬菜产业在黑龙江省农业转方式、调结构和供给侧改革中占有重要的战略地位。黑龙江省棚室蔬菜生产规模近年来发展较快,技术支撑需求也与日俱增。本研究针对黑龙江省棚室蔬菜发展规模与技术服务支撑能力不匹配的现状,提出了基于云服务的棚室蔬菜智能终端系统及关键技术的实现方法。本研究以专家服务为主、数据挖掘技术为辅,以物联网设备为感知手段、以智能手机为用户终端,利用云服务对知识、资源、物联网数据的整合配置能力,提供蔬菜专家及棚室蔬菜用户对信息获取、存储、分析和决策的高效解决方案。本研究的部分内容已在黑龙江省农业科研部门、企业、蔬菜合作社、农户等不同用户群体中实验应用,能够为专家提供棚室蔬菜生产环境的远程问诊手段,适用于各类棚室蔬菜应用场景。本研究还提出了对大规模应用场景下的技术解决方案建议,可在全国的棚室蔬菜生产中推广应用,实现更广泛高效的专家技术服务支撑。     

浅析日光温室无公害蔬菜病虫害防治对策

近年来，我国无公害蔬菜的种植面积逐步扩大，尤其对于南方地区的日光温室无公害蔬菜而 言，种植品种不断增多，蔬菜品质不断提升，产量也不断提高。但是，受到蔬菜抗病虫能力、种植土壤 以及温室内环境等因素的影响，蔬菜病虫害的发生几率逐年升高，针对这种情况，本文将围绕西兰花， 黄瓜，大白菜三种蔬菜的病虫害类型及防治方法予以阐述。     

辣椒传入中国的途径与传播路径

通过考证认为，一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)于16世纪80年代从日本传入中国，最早的传入点是浙江。以浙江为起点，向北、西、南3个方向传播。向北方向，经江苏传到山东，虽然江苏没有接受辣椒，但山东很快接受并把辣椒当作花椒的替代品，名称由番椒变成了秦椒；再以山东为中心，继续向河北、辽宁传播，东北的辣椒是闯关东的山东人传播的；向西传到了天津、山西、河南、北京、甘肃、内蒙古，形成华北传播路线。向西方向，从浙江沿长江西上，安徽、江西、湖北没有接受，但湖南很快接受了辣椒，并以湖南为中心，向贵州、四川、云南、广东、广西、陕西等地传播，形成影响最大的长江传播路线，新疆的辣椒是在左宗棠收复新疆时由湖南军人传过去的。向南传播的速度非常缓慢，传到江西、福建的时间都较晚。从荷兰传入台湾的灌木辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)和从印度尼西亚雅加达传入台湾的中国辣椒(Capsicum chinense Jacq.)，经福建传到海南和云南。     

微生物素在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用进展

微生物素在果蔬采后保鲜中有重要的应用价值,但目前实际应用在果蔬采后保鲜领域中的并不多。本文分析了目前已经应用到果蔬保鲜领域的微生物素种类,有乳酸链球菌肽、溶菌酶、木霉发酵液等,分析了其抑菌保鲜原理及研究现状;并结合微生物素的特点,提出了微生物素在未来果蔬采后保鲜中的发展趋势,即面对冷藏技术使用不完善的现象,可以开发利用更多的微生物素种类,如纳他霉素、红曲霉素、短梗霉多糖等,为今后果蔬采后保鲜领域的健康可持续发展提供参考。     

病程相关蛋白在采后果蔬诱导抗病性中的研究进展

果蔬受到真菌、细菌或病毒侵染时,自身能诱导产生病程相关蛋白(Pathogenesis-related proteins,PRs)。根据它们的结构亲缘关系和生物活性,PRs被分为17个功能家族。在控制果蔬采后病害的研究中,利用激发子诱导产生果蔬抗性已逐渐成为果蔬采后病害防治中一种安全、高效的保鲜方法,这也成为果蔬采后抗病研究的热点和发展趋势。本文综述了果蔬病程相关蛋白的分类、功能、诱导表达,以及蛋白组学技术在果蔬采后PRs表达水平上的应用,以期为果蔬病程相关蛋白的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

都市餐饮企业的净菜需求影响因素分析——以北京市为例

净菜的广泛使用能提高餐饮企业的出餐率,减少其后厨面积、劳动用工和厨余垃圾。基于北京地区708份餐饮企业净菜需求的问卷调查样本,运用垄断竞争市场理论和二元选择模型分析了影响餐饮企业净菜使用行为的具体因素。研究发现,对净菜了解程度不够和净菜价格偏高是制约餐饮企业使用净菜的主要因素,具有不同个体特征和环境特征的餐饮企业选择净菜的倾向性不同。建议在餐饮业大力开展净菜宣传科普工作;大力扶持净菜加工企业和发展相关技术支撑体系以降低净菜价格。     

Evidence of clandestine harvest and failure of conservation policies for Argopecten purpuratus in the Rinconada Marine Reserve (Chile)

1. The study of Argopecten purpuratus reproduction, post‐larval settlement, stock size, and population size structure and shell growth was undertaken in the 2000s in the Rinconada marine reserve (Chile) to evaluate the effectiveness of scallop recruitment and self‐sustainability.
2. The results highlight strong seasonal and inter‐annual variations of environmental conditions and scallop gonadosomatic index, spat collection, benthic distribution, total abundance and population size structure.
3. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L_∞ = 120.12 mm and K = 0.9681; commercial size would be reached in about 17.2 months in the bay. Substrate availability, meteorological conditions, hydrodynamics and illegal harvesting explain spatial and temporal variations in scallop distribution and abundance.
4. Recruitment strength depends on one main cohort from year to year. While recruitment made up 81% and 94% of total abundances in May 2002 and May 2003, respectively, there were no overall density‐dependent relationships between stock size and recruitment. Spawning asynchrony in the bay supports the hypothesis that multiple gamete releases form part of a reproductive strategy in response to environmental variability.
5. The massive disappearance of large‐sized scallops during the study periods was direct evidence of overfishing owing to clandestine harvesting within the marine reserve. The failure of current legislation, strategies and policies for scallop conservation requires new regulations to restore scallop stock size, maintain its reproductive performance and limit illegal harvesting in the Rinconada.
6. A scenario allowing harvesting regulated by stock‐dependent fishing quotas would more efficiently ensure stock recovery and self‐sustainability. The modalities of this new policy are discussed.

     

Effects of a hook ring on catch and bycatch in a Mediterranean swordfish longline fishery: small addition with potentially large consequences

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a circle hook ring on catch rates of target fish species and bycatch rates of sea turtles, elasmobranchs, and non‐commercial fish in a shallow‐set Italian swordfish longline fishery.
2. Results were compared from 65 sets from six commercial fishing vessels totalling 50 800 hooks in which ringed and non‐ringed 16/0 circle hooks with a 10° offset were alternated along the length of the longline. In total, 464 individuals were caught in the 4 years of experiment, with swordfish (Xiphias gladius) comprising 83% of the total number of animals captured. Catch rates of targeted swordfish were significantly higher on ringed hooks (CPUE_{ringed hooks} = 8.465, CPUE_{non‐ringed hooks} = 6.654).
3. Results indicate that ringed circle hooks captured significantly more small‐sized swordfish than non‐ringed circle hooks (27.7% vs. 19.5%, respectively).
4. For species with sufficient sample sizes, the odds ratio (OR) of a capture was in favour of ringed hooks; significantly for swordfish (OR = 1.27 95%CI 1.04–1.57), and not significantly for bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 0.68–3.42) nor for pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrigon violacea) (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 0.54–2.36). All six loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and three of the four blue sharks (Prionace glauca) were captured on ringed hooks, however, the small sample sizes prevented meaningful statistical analysis.
5. In summary, results from this study suggest that the addition of a ring to 16/0 circle hooks confers higher catchability for small‐sized commercial swordfish, and does not significantly reduce catch rate of bycatch species and protected species in a Mediterranean shallow pelagic longline fishery.
6. These findings should motivate fisheries managers to consider factors in addition to hook shape when aiming to promote sustainable fishing practices. The presence of a ring has the potential to negate some conservation benefits.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.